Teaching Morals and Ethics in Public Schools Essay -- Religion in Publ

Teaching Morals and Ethics in Public SchoolsI find myself disagreeing with Kozol and his statement that schools should be an institution where ethical motive can be taught and developed. It is my belief that schools should non be held responsible for instilling morals and ethics into the minds of Americas children. Of course, it is true that schools should instill and reinforce morals that are component of our everyday existence. Those of the Golden Rule, as well as the wrongs of death and destruction can be, not so much taught, rather restated in institutions of learning. It is my opinion, however, those morals should be taught in the home. Most classrooms are do up of battalion of various religious and ethnic backgrounds. I t is impossible, therefore, to instill one set of beliefs into such a diverse group. Many people would argue that parents are away too much to raise their children to be moral beings. However, it is my belief that parents should be satisfactory to make s uccession for instilling such beliefs. If you want to have a moral and ethical child, then you must work for it. Rather than sitting in front of the TV for 4 hours and then going to bed, parents must find time to speak to children about such issues. I personally do not ever remember being introduced to the concept of God and of heaven. It wasnt as if my parents sat me down one day and explained these theological ideas to me. Merely by spending time with my parents, I was able to gain much perspective into their own morals and ethical patterns. It was, in fact, through schooling, and the facts that I was taught there, that I was able to expand on the ideals that I wished to achieve and model them more towards the world in which I was now living. If one were to ask a grown ... ...with the fact that many people are unwilling to allow their children to be taught such things in a place that should be focusing on the classic three Rs. The government made its stand on this issue through t he separation of church and state. Not only were theological teachings left out of the school curriculum, but also, so were the morals that went along with these teachings. This is how I feel the issue of teaching morals and ethics to todays children should be dealt with in America. There must be a complete redevelopment of the school system we have in place, or a remarkable change of heart of many people whom have been fighting for centuries over venial differences in religious teachings. Otherwise, there will be no other way to ensure that children in America are growing up with a sense of values, which will allow them to make a difference in tomorrows world.

Alice Walkers The Flowers Essay -- English Literature Walker Flowers

Alice Walkers The FlowersThe Flowers is a short story written by Alice Walker. Walker is a portentous American writer, who is renown around the world, especiallybecause of the ?book, turned movie? The Colour purple. Walker isextremely interested in the history of human rights, particularly thehistory of black women in the United States. Her writings oftenreflect this interest and they usually have dual meanings. Walkerinterpretates struggles of black women in her books, and The Flowersis no exception. It is about the closing of innocence, of a young blackchild living in the 1930s. It reflects the unfairness of life, and thecircumstances of the black people during that period in time.?The Flowers? is about a missy named Myop, she is from an agriculturalbackground (as most black Americans were in the 1930s). She isdescribed as carefree and innocent.? It seemed to Myop as she startleped lightly from hen house topigpen?they days had neer been as beautiful as these?.This suggests she is young and holds no major responsibilities, thereare also connotations of lower class roots.The story goes on to describe her mini- travels end-to-end the fields,picking flowers and singing songs. This suggests the innocence shepossesses as a young child.? She was ten, and nothing existed for her but her song?.This openly tells the reader her young age, thus her lack ofresponsibility, which allowed her to skip around the fields aimlessly.The structure of the short story is basic. Each paragraph is more orless six lines long. It is dance band out in traditionalistic short story style,each part coming in short bursts. The layout of the text makes iteasier to read, and interpretate. It allows the story to ?f... ...e and puritywithin Myop. The wild pink flower employ towards the end is used assymbolism.? Very near where she?d stepped into the head was a wild pink rose.?The flower was a fictional character of metaphor type factor, it symbolized the youngand innocent Myop in the m idst of a cold world full of brutal truths.Elements of weather is used to foreshadow what is coming. This was aneffective tool which set the mood of the coming paragraphs. Walkeralso uses ongoing themes of racism, culture and struggle throughoutthe story, which is present in many of her writings. Alice Walker?swriting is attractively written, and urges the reader to read betweenthe lines. There is a theme of duality throughout, which is tactfullyused. ?The Flowers? is a thought provoking story which highlights thestruggles of black women that lived in the U.S.A during the 30s andonwards.

Thurgood Marshall Essay -- Biography Marshall judge

Thurgood marshall was an American jurist and the first African American to service on the Supreme Court of the United call downs. Prior to becoming a judge, he was a lawyer who was best remembered for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education.Marshall was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 2, 1908. His original name was Thoroughgood tho he shortened it to Thurgood in second grade. His father, William Marshall, instilled in him an appreciation for the Constitution of the United States and the rule of law. Additionally, as a child, he was punished for his school misbehavior by being forced to read the Constitution, which he later said piqued his interest in the document. Marshall was a descendant of slaves.Marshall graduated from capital of Nebraska University in Pennsylvania in 1930. Afterward, Marshall wanted to apply to his hometown law school at the University of Maryland School of Law, but the dean told him that he shouldnt fray because he would not be accepted due to the schools segregation policy. Later, as a civil rights litigator, he successfully sued the school for this policy in the eggshell of Murray v. Pearson. Instead, Marshall sought admission and was accepted at Howard University. He was influenced by its dynamic new dean, Charles Hamilton Houston, who instilled in his students the desire to apply the tenets of the Constitution to all Americans.Marshall was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha, the first intercollegiate Black Greek-letter fraternity, established by African American students in 1906.Marshall received his law arcdegree from Howard in 1933, and set up a private practice in Baltimore. The following year, he began working with the Baltimore NAACP. H... ...anuary 24, 1993. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. He was survived by his second wife and their two sons. Marshall left all of his personal papers and notes to the Library of Congress. The Librarian of Co ngress opened Marshalls papers for speedy use by scholars, journalists and the public, insisting that this was Marshalls intent. The Marshall family and several of his close associates disputed this claim. There are numerous memorials to Justice Marshall. One is near the Maryland State House. The primary office building for the federal court system, located on Capitol Hill in Washington D.C., is named in honor of Justice Marshall and to a fault contains a statue of him in the atrium. The major airport serving Baltimore and the Maryland suburbs of Washington, DC, was renamed the Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport on October 1, 2005.

Pocho by Jose Antonio Villarreal :: Mexican Culture Catholicism Book Review

Pocho by Jose Antonio VillarrealMany people would say that to be born a Mexican is to be born a Catholic. This perpetuating stereotype has forced many Mexican families to raise their children as if no other religions options even existed. In the book Pocho by Jose Antonio Villarreal a young male child by the name of Richard Rubio finds himself being raised Catholic by a traditional Mexican family. Richard, struggling to find his place in the world, has his p arents religious beliefs press down on him forcing him to conform to a religion he does not agree with. by means ofout the course of the novel the Catholic religious beliefs imposed on Richard affected his personality in many ways. By the end of the book it is clear that not allowing others to find their own spiritual calling can create drastic effects on their ability to recognize who they are. Many of the spiritual problems Richard faces in book are common to a number of Mexican children. Through the use of my personal exper iences in being in a situation similar to that of Richards, I intend to support my claim that forced beliefs may bewilder damaging effects on a person. As soon as the main character Richard is introduced into the story line we learn his beliefs about god to begin with we even learn his name. Perhaps Villarreal, even this early, is tiring to show readers that in the Mexican American culture religion, specifically Catholicism, plays an extremely large role. Richard carries his Virgin bloody shame picture home which he received as a reward for being the first in his age group to learn the catechism protecting it in his handkerchief. The Catholic Church has often rewarded people for their achievements when pertaining to studying their religion in hope that they will encourage them to remain catholic. When I attended catechism I was invariably rewarded for having perfect attendance. This idea that you will be rewarded for an achievement or attendance may be a way for the church to mak e sure you are there every Sunday and behaving well. Richard claims that the picture had little value to him but it was a symbol of recognition. Surely he would go home and present it to his spawn knowing that it being from the church would mean a lot to her. Many times I would do the same thing with my tokens of recognition, posting them proudly on the refrigerator, not because it was worth anything, but because of the praise I would received for it.

Mt. Ashland Ski Area Expansion Essay -- Environmental Issues

Its a sunny October afternoon and Im listening to the breeze gently rustle the guide tops above me. I look down into the creek as I sit here munching on some cashews, and I see trout gliding effortlessly through the crystal-clear water. I revel in how incredibly lush the ara isalthough its been a dry summer the ground is still moist, plants ar bright and colorful, and wildlife is abound. After I finish my snack and tuck my trash away into my backpack, I continue my hike up this parcel of land that may soon become barren with towers of steel and wire draping the landscapethats if the Mt. Ashland Association (MAA), a non-profit organization that operates the Mt. Ashland ski area, gets their way. The MAA is looking to start a mean expansion of the area in late 2012. They plan to clear cut 70+ acres of old growth to pave way for more mod slopes and a sparkly-new lodge.According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ski area expansions are the most ecological damaging task that an area can undertake. In a plan revision for the White River National Forest in Colorado, regarding the Copper Mountain Ski Resort expansion, the EPA hammers that point home when they say that no other land management prescription on the Forest directly results in more stream-water depletion, wetland impacts, air pollution, permanent vegetation change, or permanent habitat loss more wetland impacts and stream depletions resulted from ski area expansion and improvement than from all other Forest management activities combined, including many direct and indirect impacts that are permanent (irreversible and irretrievable). Meanwhile, skier numbers nationally have only increased just two percent since 1978 says, (source). Whic... ...D On Environmental Scorecard. Ashland Daily Tidings Ashland, OR, 26 Nov. 2008, n. pag. Web. 23 Feb. 2012. Saving the Pacific Fisher. Center for Biological Diversity. Center for Biological Diversity., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Tenmile Recreation Path Environmental Assessment. Summit County, Colorado. U.S. Forest Service, Dillion Ranger District 2011 Web. 24 Feb. 2012. Wright, Bruce. A Question of Balance. Ashland Resource Center Ashland, OR, 7 Sept. 2011, n. pag. Web. 24 Feb. 2012.

Mt. Ashland Ski Area Expansion Essay -- Environmental Issues

Its a sunny October afternoon and Im listening to the melodic phrase gently rustle the tree tops above me. I look down into the creek as I sit here munching on any(prenominal) cashews, and I see trout gliding effortlessly through the crystal-clear water. I revel in how incredibly lush the area isalthough its been a dry summer the ground is still moist, plants are bright and colorful, and wildlife is abound. After I finish my snack and tuck my trash away into my backpack, I continue my hike up this parcel of land that may soon become barren with towers of steel and wire draping the landscapethats if the Mt. Ashland Association (MAA), a non-profit organization that operates the Mt. Ashland ski area, gets their way. The MAA is tone to start a planned expansion of the area in late 2012. They plan to clear cut 70+ acres of old growth to coat way for more advanced slopes and a sparkly-new lodge.According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ski area expansions are the mo st ecological damaging assign that an area can undertake. In a plan revision for the White River National afforest in Colorado, regarding the Copper Mountain Ski Resort expansion, the EPA hammers that tier home when they say that no other land management prescription on the Forest directly results in more stream-water depletion, wetland impacts, air pollution, permanent plant life change, or permanent habitat loss more wetland impacts and stream depletions resulted from ski area expansion and improvement than from all other Forest management activities combined, including galore(postnominal) direct and indirect impacts that are permanent (irreversible and irretrievable). Meanwhile, skier numbers nationally have only increased just two percent since 1978 says, (source). Whic... ...D On Environmental Scorecard. Ashland insouciant Tidings Ashland, OR, 26 Nov. 2008, n. pag. Web. 23 Feb. 2012. Saving the Pacific Fisher. Center for Biological Diversity. Center for Biological Dive rsity., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Tenmile Recreation Path Environmental Assessment. Summit County, Colorado. U.S. Forest Service, Dillion Ranger District 2011 Web. 24 Feb. 2012. Wright, Bruce. A Question of Balance. Ashland Resource Center Ashland, OR, 7 Sept. 2011, n. pag. Web. 24 Feb. 2012.

B2B and International Exercise

In the conduct of this study, the question that must always be put in our mind is if there is a possibility for the city of Scottsdale and Marrakesh to give a dividing line transaction to improve their economy as a whole. After reading all the necessary materials regarding the economic condition of the two cities, I have learned that Marrakesh has a 55. 5 % rate of share of services in the totality of the citys GDP. Moreover, Morocco is in want manner known for its industry in mining, food processing, leather goods, textiles and tourism. In terms of their educational attainment level, only 52% of the total population is literate.Its export commodities are mostly clothing, fish, crude minerals, fertilizer, transistors and inorganic chemicals. On the other hand, one of the booming industries in Scottsdale is the business and professional industry that enables them to have an impressive economic growth for the past years. They are similarly known for their best resorts destinations and high technologies and bio-technology. Feasibility Study Based from the above facts that I gathered, I could say that there is a great possibility of having business with Marrakesh.In the industry of tourism, since Marrakesh is known for their tourism, Scottsdale could develop resorts in Marrakesh. The high rate of tourists that goes to Marrakesh would serve as an probability for the Scottsdale to put up resorts. If this would go to happen, tourists in Marrakesh will hold open to increase. At the same time, while benefiting the Scottsdale, the resort that will be established would surely cut the unemployment rate of Marrakesh since jobs will be provided to their citizens and, in the later years, could collar the poverty rate of Marrakesh (Shagazatova).On the other hand, since there is a high illiteracy rate in Marrakesh, and there are a lot of professionals in Scottsdale like teachers, Scottsdale could invest in establishing schools in the Marrakesh in order to uplift their r ate of literacy. The schools that I am referring here are only vocational schools, will also provide basic knowledge regarding literacy, that might be a good help in the booming industry of Marrakesh (Ranis). With this, Scottsdale could also get workers from the schools that they had established. With the median eon of 24 years, there would be no doubt that Marrakesh industry is concentrated on the service sector.Most of the companies here must be labor intensive in order to take advantage of the large pool of laborers in the market. Wage rate is expected to be low compared to other countries (Phelps). This is also one of the reasons why it is advantageous to put up a business in Marrakesh aside from its economic opportunities in the current days. Since Scottsdale is well known for its business services, it would be a good decision to establish a service oriented company in Marrakesh. It could be in line with the transistors industry or textile industry that can be provided by Scot tsdale to the workers of Marrakesh.Data Gathering and Recommendations Through the suggested strategies above would definitely benefit both of the cities. Marrakesh could take advantage of the job opportunity that Scottsdales investors bring with them and the latter could take advantage of the tremendous amount of laborers in Marrakesh as well as the low operational costs in terms of the wage rate. After presenting this paper to the Scottsdales officials, data gathering in Marrakesh economic standing should be implemented right away in order to validate the theories that we have cited in this paper.The datas were then studied by the economic analysts of Scottsdale in order to have an in abstrusity understanding of the current status of Marrakesh and in order for us to be guided in the actions that we are going to undertake. REFERENCES Phelps, Edmund S. Low-Wage Employment Subsidies Versus the Welfare State. 2007. Ranis, Gustav. Human ontogenesis and Economic Growth. 2004. Shagazat ova, Batir Mirbabayev and Malika. The Economic and Social Impact of Tourism. 2005.

Beloved herself Essay

Introduction Toni Morrison is famed for her portrayal of African American life in her vivid novels, especially her portrayal of African American women and their tush and pose within society. Morrison was herself born in a working class family but worked hard and attended Howard University and so Cornell University. Although she faced discrimination and sexism throughout her early life, she overcame the obstacles and went on to become a successful editor before writing her first novel in 1970, The Bluest Eye. All of Morrisons later novels earned her praise and a place within a white-dominated literary world.She used her influence to advance fellow African American writers, but it was making love that she became best known for. The novel, which is assign in rural Ohio following the Civil War, contains multiple stories, voices, and shifts in time. The narrative swings back and forth in time to reveal the disturbing and complicated agnate experiences of Sethe, now a former hard wo rker living with her mother-in-law Baby Suggs and daughter Denver in a farmhouse on the outskirts of Cincinnati. While much of the novel takes place in this 1873 post-war setting, the past lies at the devastating core of the novel and impacts the present with vicious intensity.Indeed, as critic Valerie Smith points out, The characters have been so profoundly touched by the experience of slavery that time cannot separate them from its horrors or undo its effects (345). Certainly, this is the case for Sethe and Paul D, a former Sweet Home slave who comes to live with Sethe and Denver in Ohio after the war. Having endured unspeakable horrors during slavery, both find the past a constant, threatening presence in their lives. To a significant extent, lamb embodies the past and serves as a disrupting force in the present.Moreover, with her multiple incarnations, Beloved also represents the complex, multi-layered treatment given to maternal experience in the novel. The first and some obv ious level of the maternal in Beloved consists of the social and historical realities that lie beneath the text. Morrison acknowledges that the actual story of Marg art Garner of Ohio provides the historical substance of Beloved (qtd. in Naylor 206). fit to various accounts, Garner, like Sethe, attempted to kill her children rather return them to slavery (Lerner 60-63). She succeeded in killing one child, whom Morrison transforms into the figure of Beloved herself.According to Morrison, I just imagined the life of a dead girl which was the girl that Marg aret Garner killed, the baby girl that she killed (qtd. in Naylor 208). With Garners story then becoming Sethes, Morrison depicts both the cruel realities of motherhood under slavery and the interiority of such maternal experience. In this process, she exposes the the silences in the generic first-person slave narratives and crosses the boundaries between fiction and tarradiddle (Grewal 156) Mothering, although about loving, care taking, nurturing, and teaching, has the primary function of protection that stems from the request to survive.The survival includes that of self and of offspring, who will ensure the existence of future generations of families. Because survival of self is a requisite phase of survival of the offspring, with it come characteristics seemingly unmotherly. Although mothers are stereotypically viewed as soft, selfless, and abounding with patience, in fact, they have the capacity to be selfish, angry, and cruel in the process of creation protective of their children. Mothers work to maintain life, or what they regard as right in terms of their definitions of life, regardless of the morality of their actions.And who determines the morality? Mothers are expected to be authoritative in their realm and are charged with the protection, at all costs, of the children of which they are the source or guardian. However, most of them dont have accepted rights or power to make the rules in societ y to carry out the protection. Therefore it is interesting to examine the social construction of mothering, both for mothers that chose motherhood, and for those upon whom motherhood was impose the dismantling of mothering stereotypes and the way racial tragedies, culture, and survival define a mothers role.Part of the issue, then, is that we place modern day standards on women from other eras. another(prenominal) issue is raised as well. It is the headway as to what determines how a mother will do her job. The answer includes nature and nurture, as well as, perhaps, the division of essentialism and social constructionism. According to essentialism, a mother has born qualities, nature determined, that manipulate her thought process and her decision-making process. Yet, these born qualities co-exist with environmental factors.Morrison therefore identifies de-essentializing critical strategies that still give a place to the slavery problem but revise the direction of this criticism. Nevertheless, the essentialist versus social constructionist theory still remains internal to issues of motherhood. Eyer notes that bonding is described as a maternal instinct designed to ensure survival (69). Yet even the notion of maternal instinct can be questioned, especially if this mean it is to question biological determinism.Once again the issue of essentialism in motherhood is directly related to the social construction of what it is to be a Good Mother (Eyer 69). save who defines motherhood, survival and bonding? Is it possible that physical survival can be worse than death? Is it possible that the mother-child bond, so tightly fused, requires mothers to question the norm of the time, of the societal conditions? To protect may be interpreted as kill, as in Sethes case. Do these mothers have the obligation, whether essentialist or socially constructed mothers, to determine what is appropriate mothering in their situations?Perhaps these mothering characters absorb the lan guage of biological determinism and actually use their biological differences as the source of their power, the source of their decisions and choices. The focus of this thesis, then, is the breakdown of the stereotype of mother as a number of racial and cultural oppressions in the most extreme circumstances, or after these extreme circumstances, illustrating that the cultures themselves are not always supportive of mothers and their inherent roles in society.The thesis also focuses on the crucial mothering characters in Toni Morrisons Beloved, as well as offers relevant theoretical background that provides important perspectives on mothering in racial and cultural contexts. Morrison presents mothers who are very willing to be soft and hard, loving and cruel, moral and amoral for the sake of future generations. In Beloved, the crucial mothers are Sethes mother, Sethe, Baby Suggs, and Denver. Ella and Nan, though briefly addressed, are not considered central, as their mothering or ot hermothering capacities are demonstrated in a limited manner.The thesis would consider further, base upon the actions of Sethe that the socially constructed mother may refuse to act in full accordance with essentialism, for the purpose to do what they feel right, rather than the rules and morality based on social definitions. A lot of sources have been examined throughout this literary research study. A brief literature review on these sources is presented further. Deborah White in Arnt I a Woman? attempts the mythology of the Southern mammy and other myths and challenges a richer, more multifaceted picture of the lives of African American women in slavery.Drawing on historical proof, including slave narratives and the diaries and autobiographies, in addition to the modern scholarship on the African American family, the author examines slave womens routine, livelihood, female networks, and family roles. She finds power and ingenuity, but denies that female slaves played a dominant role in their families. Toni Morrison and Motherhood, by Andrea OReilly, offer a critical exercise of motherhood and mothering complexly depicted in Beloved.The author intimately scrutinizes Morrisons text and interviews as well as other appraisal of Morrison and feminism to contemplate Black womens daily experiences, which have been basically ignored by white feminists. Angelyn Mitchell in The Freedom to Remember studies current literary revisions of slavery in the United States by African American women writers. She claims that the modern studies have examined these works only from the perspective of victimization. Author transforms the conceptualization of these accounts in Beloved, foc using on the proposition of freedom, not slavery, defining it as liberatory narrative. The Freedom to Remember shows how the liberatory narrative serves to emancipate its readers from the heritage of slavery in American culture by facilitating a deeper colloquy of the problem and by making th em new-fangled through elucidation and questioning. In the Toni Morrisons Developing Class Consciousness, Doreatha Mbalia followed the growing of Morrisons consciousness from her examination of racism in her early fiction, to her growing understanding of the nature of capitalism and the necessity for collective struggle in and Beloved.Diane Eyer in Motherguilt How Our Culture Blames Mothers for Whats Wrong with Society, is convinced that the skulker scientific conception of maternal bond is one of the ways the rules of mothering have been revised to restrain mothers interests in such possessions as work for income outside the home. Eyer is imbalanced with the political and subjective twists that scientific investigation is given when attitudes about maternal nature and the principles of motherhood are questioned.Jan Furman in Toni Morrisons Fiction, traces the persistent characters, subjects, and settings that represent Morrisons literary vision and strike a well-known chords for Morrisons readers. Showing that novelist sturdily supports the thought that the artist must(prenominal) beget and interpret culture, Furman discloses the Morrison s office to the development and restatement of the American literary tenets through her depiction of the Black woman experience. As well, Furman scrutinizes Morrisons distress with the threat of gender and racial stereotyping and with her appreciation for those who agree such boundaries.Pointing to the Morrison s astonishing portrayals of human pain, survival, and triumph, Furman moves ahead of literary analysis to enlighten what she argues to be the crucial achievement of Morrisons narrative the presentation of the parcel of land to emotional independence and spiritual freedom. Trudier Harris in Fiction and Folklore The Novels of Toni Morrison, shows how Morrisons previous novels reveal interest to the folkloric elements in the form of narrator as storyteller in the use of folk tales, funny stories, false notions, and other kinds of traditions and in the emphasis on such verbal features as music.Jacqueline Joness tremendous study labor of Love. Labor of Sorrow Black Women, takes us far into the insinuations of the extensive social distinctions between the African American and the white experiences and practices in America. Joness book gets loose of several nasty stereotypes and obstinate myths, it is free of the bigotry and racism it portrays, and it shows old facts in new ways. This thesis has been divided into 5 parts, introduction, main body and conclusion. main body is dived into three chapters. The first part explores the social construction of slavery motherhood. Theoretical background to the mothering aspects of Morrisons novel is presented here briefly. Certain generalized assumptions are made about motherhood, mothering and othermothering. Although they cannot be accurate definitions for all mothers or all situations, they perhaps indicate the relation between essentialism and constru ctionism, in the identification of motherhood.This part looks at mothering under pressure and threat. The second part examines the roles and representations of motherhood in the novel, and Sethes role as a mother in particular. The role of breasts and breastmilk images are discussed and considered as a bond between mother and a child. Then, thesis, especially in terms of Sethe, distinguishes how mothers reactions to situations, though seemingly animalistic are, in fact, logically thought out, using human reasoning.If, according to society, the essential aspects of mothering are to be loving, caring, and nurturing, then it is through circumstances that a mother must determine how she can best be all these things, doing what is best for her child or children. In the third part, thesis is focused on the breakdown of the stereotype of mother as a result of racial and cultural oppressions in the most extreme circumstances, or in the aftermath of these extreme circumstances, illustrating that the cultures themselves are not always supportive of mothers and their inherent roles in society.The character of Baby Suggs has also been analyzed here thoroughly, showing how a destreotyping of black womanhood can contribute to a de-essentialized image of slavery. The thesis concludes, that the socially constructed mother who rejects the essential aspects of motherhood in order to do what she feels is right, rather than what is expected by society as a human mother. Thus, one must ascertain with respect to these culturally diverse mothers whether the essential aspects of being a mother transcend the socially constructed aspects of motherhood or not.Their desire and ultimate finishing is still keeping their children and themselves alive. Indeed, the interpretation of mothering for each of the mothers makes the difference. Each woman identifies herself as a mother or othermother includes motherhood into her personal identity. A mother creates identity, or, if she does not crea te it, she nurtures it so that it may bloom and grow of its own accord. Considering social constructionism, this creation becomes exceedingly evident in the mothers and daughters in the novel, as well as in reality.

Building a Fire to Fight Nature Essay

Jack Londons title for the story To Build a Fire starts the reader off with a very basic vagary fleshing a throw out. Almost some(prenominal)one can build a fire. All it takes is a match and some kindling. Londons story is slightly to a greater extent then building a fire, though. This story is about a gentle homophiles gentlemans belief in himself, self-confidence and even arrogance, to such an extent that he doesnt recognize the power of reputation around him. Londons story is more like a Man against Nature story. Londons To Build a Fire casts a clear image that in the ever long-lasting battle between man and nature, nature is non a force that should be reckoned with.The authors characters are even very general. The main character of the story is never given a name still to be c onlyed a chechaqua or newcomer in the land. The constant struggle of Man against the earthy world and physical forces which threaten to undo him at any moment is expressed greatly by this story.(C olin) This is not a story about one individual person or one isolated incident, scarcely a story used to illustrate a larger continuous gamble or battle between man and nature.London spends the first hardly a(prenominal) paragraphs setting the physical scene. The setting is in Alaska along the Yukon River. It is close to the end of winter but the sun is still not yet in the sky. It is mentioned that this does not bother the man. The rest of the setting is described around the man and the places he has passed on this current journey and where else the trail leads in other directions. The description of the tantrum is one of the most intriguing aspects of this story. London had a way of almost making the reader feel cold for the man in the story full by his descriptions of the surrounding territory.The Yukon lay a mile wide and hidden under three feet of ice. On top of this ice was as many feet of snow. It was all pure white, rolling in gentle undulations where the ice jams of the freeze-up had formed. North and south as far as his eye could see, it was unbroken white..(Charters, 910)The scene is set as beautiful, peaceful and cold. The harshness of this physical setting begins to become more and more clear as the storyprogresses. Later the man notices that his spit is cracking and freezing before it reaches the ground. He remembers that at fifty degrees below zero spit will freeze when it hits the ground. Undoubtedly it was colder than fifty below.(911) This also means that there is at least 107 degrees of frost if it is truly 75 degrees below freezing.To increase the readers awareness of the cold, London describes how the mans breath is freezing on his whiskers and beard, the man is also chaw tobacco and with the temperature as cold as it is his cheeks and lips are numb and his spit tends to just end up on his beard and freezes in seconds. This man moldiness be out of his mind to be out in the wilderness in these extreme climate conditions. Seeing a man that oblivious to the dangers of go entirely in colder than fifty below weather, walking on ice, and making a fire under a snow coered tree should be enough to substantiate that he was not unlucky but just plain stupid(Wilson)The man starts to grow this crystal beard of the color and substantiality of amber.(912) The surroundings are beautiful, peaceful and cold but the man did not see the danger that nature could bring upon him. That it was too cold out to travel or that it could get worse was a thought that never entered his head.(912)The man had a native of the land with him. At the mans heels trotted a dog.(911) No name is ever given to the dog in the story. Another way for London to keep the story general and the focus on the theme. The dog is a big, native Husky, a brother to the wild wolf it had the instincts to respect nature. The dog knew the temperature was too cold to be traveling but stayed at the mans heels. The dog plays a dual role in this story. He plays the mans conscience and natures voice and personification. Often a dog can reflect the same personality and character traits as its owner. Dogs are extremely intelligent creatures and will reflect and behavior that they are exposed to for lengthy periods of time.(Feinson, 127)The man treats the dog the same way he treats nature with no respect. The dog is just a tool, a sled dog and later considered expendable to possibly save the mans life. The man treats nature much the same way. The dog also shows atthe end how nature moves on. The dog stays to look at the man as he dies and once the dog realizes the man is dead he runs off to the cabin where there are other food providers and fire providers(921)The protagonist in the story is the unnamed man. Hes a newcomer to this area of Alaska and it his first winter. He is on his way to a cabin at a claim where he will meet up with the boys. London refers to him as a man without imagination but, quick and alert in the things of life.(910) It is t his lack of imagination that makes the man unable to believe or heed the warnings of the veteran Alaskan men who told him not to travel alone when it is fifty below. i needs to down a second person to try and start a fire if the first person should fail. But, the man in the story is over confident. He stops once and makes a fire without a problem to thaw his face so he can eat his lunch.The man doesnt notice how much the dog wants to stay at the fire. He doesnt respect the instincts of the native animal. The trail follows along a creek, which is frozen but has natural springs along it that create small pools of water with thin ice and coatings of snow to cover them up. The man almost prides himself on how well he can identify these warning signs of possible danger. He also is increasingly happy with the pace he is keeping.The man soon falls into one of natures itty-bitty traps, a small pool of water, and has only a few minutes to build a fire and get warm and dry before he freez es to death. He tries to stay as calm as possible but in his haste doesnt pick a good spot to build a fire. He realizes too late when the heat from the fire he has just built starts to melt the snow in the tree branches above him and drops set down smothering the fire. A man alone in the wilderness coupled with stupidity is a deadly combination. To deal with nature takes skill and know-how, this man seems to have neither, he was doomed from the moment he went off alone.(website)When it is 75 degrees below freezing one person doesnt have a second take place to build a fire. The temperature is just too cold and exposed parts of the body will start to freeze. The man still believes in his strength to curb the power of nature and continues to try and build a fire. He doesnt succeed and at the end accepts his fate and falls asleep thinking about the next day when the boys would find him. Thestory is an illustration of what can happen to a person that doesnt respect nature and its powe r. This is the story of a mans struggle against nature, trying to survive against impossible odds in a universe indifferent to an individuals fate.(909) The man was so confident in himself that he traveled with nothing but his lunch and a few matches and birch bark to start a fire. He has also been warned not to travel alone in such cold, but he goes anyway, with only his dog and confidence for a companion.(Synopsis, 220)He has no company, or supplies for the possibility he may gift some type of danger. Whether the danger be with another animal or with his surroundings. The short version of the story was originally published in the Boy Scouts of the States Handbook. Any Boy Scout might remember the story form when they were a kid and the lessons that were taught from it when they were younger. They were taught to respect nature for what it is, what it can do, and of course, to always be prepared. If you arent, nature will take its toll, and what a deadly toll it can be.

Explain the Impacts the Vietnam War Had on Soldiers Essay

The Vietnam was a war like no other and the nature of the scrap in this war had great impacts on the soldiers. At this time, socialism was seen as a great threat, especially by Western countries, and so extreme emphasis was placed on the domino theory that when one sphere falls to communism, others would follow and that forward defence would be the only solution to this issue.Also during this time, Vietnam was artificially split into the communist South, led by Ho chi Min who defeated and drove out the French, and the government led South, which was in the power of Diem who was clearly corrupt and had little supporters so the spread of communism was quite a likely. In response, American and Australian troops were sent to fight for the South and stop this spread of communism but there were galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) difficulties. Firstly, the soldiers face actually inhumane and difficult fighting conditions. War itself is gruesome but in Vietnam, the conditions w ere different and in some ways, it was worse.The terrain was difficult since it is made up of open sift paddies, dense jungles and steep ranges that were filled with small villages containing civilians who were had to avoid. Also, the guerilla warfare made it hard for soldiers to identify the enemy since attacks may come from anybody, including normal civilians such as young children or tear down the elderly. The issues involved werent straightforward and both sides were fighting to convince the people that they had their best interests at heart but the Americans and Australians were seen as invaders with a clumsy fighting style and were seen as supporting the corrupt regime of the South.All these conditions impacted the soldiers negatively beca using up they were disadvantaged they had to fight in conditions that seemed to be unjust and against what they have been taught, causing many of the soldiers to question their role and also feeling lost and confused with the nature of the fighting and also because their actions arent even supported by the people they we fighting for and the people at home due to a social revolution. This caused soldiers to feel cheated but also feel as if they let the people down.This impact on the soldiers is significant because it was through this that led to other long-term issues. Also from the fighting, soldiers were physically impacted. Like in any war, many soldiers would have their health impacted by a vast range of circumstances. Many had wounds of various degrees that were caused by numerous explosions from bombs, shelling and landmines as well as from gunshots or flying shrapnel that affected many parts of the body, handicapping soldiers. Also, the landmines used were very serious.If they did not cause death, the injuries caused by these were extremely severe and terrible, as soldiers would lose a leg or even both legs due to this. Soldiers were also exposed to a strong chemical known as Agent Orange, whose original use w as to kill jungle growth so that the enemy could be revealed, but there were many serious long term effects as a result of this which included nervous conditions, many forms of cancer, and genetic deformations which led to malformations of children conceived after the war, and continued on into future generations.So as a result of the fighting in Vietnam, many soldiers were impacted physically. Furthermore, the soldiers experienced extreme psychological problems. Due to the brutal nature of the war, soldiers ended up and were forced to kill many seemingly innocent civilians. This is against what many of the soldiers valued and what they were taught instead of killing the ferocious enemy armies like what their fathers experienced, young children, helpless mothers and the elderly became the victims, which seemed very wrong.This has led to various manifold emotions, comprising mainly of guilt guilt for killing the innocent and guilt for letting the South Vietnamese down after promisi ng them so much and passing them deserted in the end. In addition, soldiers would have lost many of their friends in battle but also returned to a home that has been changed by a social revolution (hippie movement) that resented war so instead of returning as heroes for fighting for their country, the soldiers were only quietly brought back and were isolated.As a result of all this, the veterans faced many mental health problems such as depression, schizophrenia, nightmares that eventually led to high suicide rates and many other social problems. In conclusion, many of the soldiers who went and fought in the Vietnam war never really returned they have been through and experienced so many horrors and physical, mental and social pain, that they never really blended in with their society at home anymore and never really regained what they had before the war again.

Agriculture in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a primarily agrarian economy. Agriculture is the single largest producing sector of the economy since it comprises about 18. 6% (data released on November, 2010) of the countrys GDP and employs close to 45% of the total agitate force. 1 The performance of this sector has an overwhelming impact on major macroeconomic objectives like employment generation, poverty alleviation, human resources victimization and aliment security. A plurality of Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture. Although rice and jute ar the primary crops, husk is assuming greater importance.Tea is grown in the northeast. Beca physical exertion of Bangladeshs fertile domain and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a year in many areas. Due to a number of factors, Bangladeshs labor-intensive agriculture has achieved steady increases in food for thought grain production despite the often unfavorable weather conditions. These include better binge cont rol and irrigation, a generally more efficient use of fertilizers, and the establishment of better distribution and rural credit networks.With 35. 8 zillion metric dozens produced in 2000, rice is Bangladeshs principal crop. National sales of the classes of insecticide used on rice, including granular carbofuran, synthetic pyrethroids, and malathion exceeded 13,000 tons of theorise product in 2003. 23 The insecticides not only represent an environmental threat, but are a significant expenditure to poor rice farmers. The Bangladesh Rice seek Institute is working with non-homogeneous NGOs and international organizations to reduce insecticide use in rice. 4 In comparison to rice, wheat output in 1999 was 1. 9 zillion metric tons.Population pressure get acrosss to rump a severe burden on productive capacity, creating a food deficit, especially of wheat. Foreign assistance and commercial imports fill the gap. Underemployment remains a unspoilt problem, and a growing concern for Bangladeshs agricultural sector will be its energy to absorb additional manpower. Finding alternative sources of employment will continue to be a daunting problem for future governments, particularly with the increasing numbers of landless peasants who already account for about half the rural labor force. nutrient cropsAlthough rice and jute are the primary crops, corn and vegetables are assuming greater importance. 5 Due to the expansion of irrigation networks, some wheat producers have switched to cultivation of maize which is used nearlyly as poultry feed. 5 Tea is grown in the northeast. 5 Because of Bangladeshs fertile soil and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a year in many areas. 5 Due to a number of factors, Bangladeshs labor-intensive agriculture has achieved steady increases in food grain production despite the often unfavorable weather conditions.These include better flood control and irrigation, a generally more efficient use of fertilizers, and the establishment of better distribution and rural credit networks. 5 With 28. 8 million metric tons produced in 2005-2006 (JulyJune), rice is Bangladeshs principal crop. 5 By comparison, wheat output in 2005-2006 was 9 million metric tons. 5 Population pressure continues to place a severe burden on productive capacity, creating a food deficit, especially of wheat. 5 Foreign assistance and commercial imports fill the gap.Underemployment remains a serious problem, and a growing concern for Bangladeshs agricultural sector will be its ability to absorb additional manpower. 5 Bangladesh is the fourth largest rice 6 producing country in the world. National sales of the classes of insecticide used on rice, including granular carbofuran, synthetic pyrethroids, and malathion exceeded 13,000 tons of formulated product in 2003 1 2. The insecticides not only represent an environmental threat, but are a significant expenditure to poor rice farmers.The Bangladesh Rice Researc h Institute is working with various NGOs and international organizations to reduce insecticide use in rice 3. Wheat is not a traditional crop in Bangladesh, and in the late 1980s little was consumed in rural areas. During the 1960s and early 1970s, however, it was the only commodity for which local consumption increased because external food aid was most often provided in the form of wheat. In the first half of the 1980s, domestic wheat production rose to more than 1 million tons per year but was still only 7 to 9 pct of total food grain production. Record production of nearly 1.5 million tons was achieved in FY 1985, but the following year saw a decrease to just over 1 million tons. About half the wheat is grown on irrigated land. The proportion of land devoted to wheat remained essentially unchanged between 1980 and 1986, at a little less than 6 percent of total planted area. Wheat also accounts for the great bulk of imported food grains, exceeding 1 million tons annually and goin g higher(prenominal) than 1. 8 million tons in FY 1984, FY 1985, and FY 1987. The great bulk of the imported wheat is financed under aid programs of the United States, the European Economic Community, and the World Food Programme.Food grains are cultivated primarily for subsistence. Only a small percentage of total production makes its way into commercial channels. Other Bangladeshi food crops, however, are grown chiefly for the domestic market. They include potatoes and sweet potatoes, with a combined record production of 1. 9 million tons in FY 1984 oilseeds, with an annual average out production of 250,000 tons and fruits such as bananas, jackfruit, mangoes, and pineapples. Estimates of sugarcane production put annual production at more than 7 million tons per year, most of it processed into a coarse, unrefined sugar known as gur, and sold domestically.

Globalization Drivers Essay

Globalization drivers Ultra extravagance car industry lavishness car industry There be foursome dissentent kinds of trains in the opulence car industry. The levels divide the actors of the market into different levels depending on their grade of luxury. We fool chosen to focus on the highest level of luxury cars the ultra luxury cars. The main(prenominal) players of this level are companies such as Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz and Porsche, but the level also includes the not as big companies as Cadillac, Aston Martin and Maserati 1. both these companies beat in common is that they are international companies with a two-way communication between the whirl quarters and the different desks scattered around the world. The head quarters develop and supplies the desks with main car models while the desks receives the customers preferences so they together can produce custom made cars 2. Segment The companies in the Ultra Luxury Cars industry directs to a narrow group of costumers, whic h belongs to the upper class or upper middle class all over the world. They are all sharing almost the same main needs, which consists of status, speed and transportation.The customers achieve these needs by corrupting the ultra luxury cars because they represent a very high level of exclusivity, individuality and craftsmanship 3. Since the customers share the same needs overall, it could be termed as Levitts (1983) convergence perspective. Where the needs of customers all over the world are go more converged, which is typical for the market of luxury goods. Since the customers in the segment, which the ultra luxury car companies focus on, share overall the same needs and then they are localized all over the world, the industry considers a globoseized market.Most companies that are involved in buying heavy machinery or other large purchases have high persistent costs and the railroad car industry is no exception to this. However there are still differenes within the whole indu stry, for voice the contract and production of a Porsche may not be as huge as with Toyota for exercising, which essentially means that a luxury cars fixed cost per unit is higher than an ordinary family cars. The rent of a factory and all the other different expenses to keep the production running excogitate the fixed costs.As the labour expenses for example are a lot cheaper in Asia, most car companies, including the luxury wholenesss, have migrated their production there. The pressure for globalisation is clear, but still there are some luxury automobile companies that have stayed loyal to manufacturing the cars in their commonwealth of origin, such as Aston Martin. (https//www. honk. com/aston-martin) Experience edit out Most luxury automobile companies have many decades of experience in manufacturing their cars, which means both skilled expertise in technology as head as years of building a strong and distinguished instigator.In luxury cars especially the significanc e of the brand is very important as many of the customers purchase these cars only for the status symbol that they give its owner. Building a solid brand usually takes years of work in exceeding the customers expectations, it demands strong-willed marketing, filling a specific niche at a right time. Sourcing Luxury automobile companies usually favour centralized purchasing which means that they buy the parts that they need from one location for all the locations within the organisation. This provides standardization of a product which is quite essential in luxury cars, as salubrious as some cost-savings.Automakers universally outsource production of parts or sections of vehicles, and for example Porsche is known to use a Finnish company, Valmet Automotive, to assemble its two main product lines, the Cayman and the Boxster. (http//www. just-auto. com/news/porsche-to-outsource-boxster-production-to-osnabrueck_id121470. aspx)Product development costs Because of the nature of the produ ct, the development and research of new technologies can be quite costly within the automobile industry. Technological changes The last decades the technical development for luxury automobiles has gone very quickly.For example the first luxury automobiles were noted as luxury just by having seat heating or high beams. Nowadays luxury is more about buttons for technological equipments, voice command, fuel efficiency and safety for the car driver. With having this thoughts in survey, you can considerate the technical changes in the luxury automobiles industry as a pressure for globalization. Of course there are still some exceptions, for example Rolls Royce that is having a more of a British approach in their cars, with less buttons and simpler interior and equipment.These things can point against a more localization approach. Favourable logistics The logistics for the luxury automobiles depends for how long distance they have to be transported, so for the consumers it will be cheape r if they can find an automobile as close as possible. Another aspect is that depending from which country the automobile is imported from you have to pay a different amount of taxes and insurance fees and even other regulations can appear. Therefore the companies will have an advantage if they are locally settled, even though the really rich clients wont care about the cost for the transports.Actually this may be why many automobile companies has started factories in Asia, though for example the German automobile companies had made a between 30-40 % sale growth in China. They may by this decision not only gain low labour costs but also lower transport costs. Country specific differences If you whole tone at last years statistic for automobiles producing, low labour cost countries like China, Japan, South Korea and India is all in the top five, the other country in top five is Germany.This shows that many automobile brands have factories in these countries just for the low labour c osts. In Germany the automobile industry is one of the biggest employers in the country, one reason is that Germany have many famous car brands and they have a lot of experience in the country. Between the different luxury automobile brands it differ a lot from where they are produced, like Mercedes-Benz have factories in a lot of different countries, Ferrari is only produced in one city and like for example Aston Martin is only produced in cities in UK.Therefore you can say that there is different kind of localization and globalization approaches. Competitive globalisation driver The adjacent driver concerns the competitive environment, eg the amount of competition from other countries and continents as well as if there is any interdependence between countries. According to Yip (2003), globalised competitors and country interdependence are pressures for globalization. Globalised competitorsIn the luxury car industry, there are competitors from for example the US (Cadillac), German y (BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Maybach, Audi), Italy (Maserati, Ferrari), Japan (Lexus, Acura) and England (Aston Martin, Rolls-Royce). According to Stonehouse et al (2004) a company that faces global competition has to compete on global terms as well. Therefore these facts indicate that this specific industry has become or are becoming globalized since there, wedded the examples above, are competitors from Europe, Asia and North America.Interdependece of countries In todays economy and as a result of specialization, companies are focusing on their core competences. For example, the German brand Mercedes are mainly focusing on innovation and design (Mercedes. com) while Acura have environmental friendly performance and innovation in the center of tutelage (acura. com). The headquarter of Mercedes is placed in Stuttgart and the production is taking place in Germany, Japan, USA, France, England and

“Jane Eyre” as a bildungsroman novel Essay

Bildungsroman is a novel genre that narrates a hero or heroines process of psychological festering and focuses on experiences and changes that accompanies the growth of the character from youth to adulthood. The term Bildungsroman was introduced to the critical vocabulary by the German philosopher and sociologist Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1941), who first employed it in an 1870 biography of Friedrich Schleiermacher and then popularized it with the mastery of his 1906 study Poetry and Experience (Boes 231).To be a Bildungsroman, the hero or heroine in a novel go forth experience certain forms of pain or loss that pulls him or her away from either family or home and into the journey of desiring self-identity. At the end of the story the hero or heroine finally succeeds in the society. The mend of Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Bront, generally follows this form. The growth of the main character, Jane Eyre, is distinctively divided into phases by places that she stayed at, starting fro m her tragic childhood to her final destination as Mr. Rochesters mistress. The changes of emotions and maturation of identities as Jane Eyre goes through her life provide evidence of a Bildungsroman.Through the novel, Jane Eyre grows up, moving from a radical stage to a more prosaic consciousness (Mickelsen 418). Psychological maturation is a typical trait of Bildungsroman genre. At the beginning, Jane uses the knowledge she learns from the books to defend herself when she is angry you be bid a murderer you are like a slave-driver you are like the Roman emperors (Bront 8). Her angry and chaotic emotions have built up since she lost her parents and was adopted un ordainingly by Mrs. Reed. Jane cannot watch over her place in this family. Her anger and desperation becomes more intense each time Mrs. Reeds family treats her not as a family member barely more like a servant. Janes burst of emotions against her cousin, John, resulted in her being locked ino the red-room and eventu ally sent to the Lowood School, where she spends the rest of her childhood and the beginning of her adolescence.When Jane is again treated below the belt and libelled by Mr. Brocklehurst, through the support of her patient friend Helen Burns, and kind-hearted cast Temple, she is able to release her indignation. Jane Eyre experiences a huge emotional transition when she no longer feels like a wanderer but gains a sense of belonging through the care of Miss Temple andthe support of Helen. After Jane finishes her education at Lowood, she applies and becomes the governess of Adele where she will work at Thornfield. At Thornfield, Jane meets Mr. Rochester and experiences the most powerful emotion love. Love makes Jane brave and mature.Her relationship with Mr. Rochester makes her fell confused but respected. She feels psychologically equal with Mr. Rochester when he admits how much he loves her. However, Jane still feels insignificant that she has to depend on Mr. Rochester. The stron g emotional conflict between love and shame makes Jane run away from Thornfield and go to Marsh End where she meets St. John. The final emotionally transitional state for Jane Eyre happened when St. John asked her to marry him and go to India to serve as a missionary. Jane strongly refused St. Johns proposal and decided to follow her heart and marry her lover, Mr. Rochester. The story leave offs when, Jane Eyre, who is a successful Bildungsroman character, finishes her emotional maturation process.Another significant feature of Bildungsroman is that the character will go through a series of challenges and changes in collection to finally achieve complete self-actualization. Jane Eyre undergoes a period which she was called a mad cat, or titled less than a servant in Mrs. Reeds house (Bront 9). Deep in her mind, Janestrongly refuses these names therefore she often hides and reads books in order to ameliorate herself rep in order and build up her inner-self. In constructing a sense of inner self, Jane is able to differentiate her identity from the rest of Mrs. Reeds family members. Jane has similar experience at Lowood School where she is incorrectly labelled an interloper and an alien and also harshly, a liar (Bront 56). However, Miss Temple and Helen trust Jane which allows Jane to redo her point of view and establish new identity. In Janes life, they were the first to acknowledge Janes unique identity. Under Miss Temples justification and guidance, Jane completes her education at Lowood however, Jane lives more like a shadow of Miss Temple.Jane then later became the governess of Adele in order to break away the image of Miss Temple and create her own. There in Thornfield, she continues to educate herself by painting and reading to build up the real Jane Eyre identity. When Mr. Rochester asks Jane to marry him and gives e her the title of Mrs.Rochester, p_voice it stupefy Jane that she will no longer be Jane Eyre but under the name of Rochester. Losing h er self-identity frightened Jane and the shadow of class differences and unfairness from her childhood experience affected her and make her leave Mr. Rochester.Later in the story, Jane finds her relatives in Marsh End and sheinherits a considerable amount of money, which makes herreconnect to family. Moreover, her newfound wealth makes her economically separate these conditions eliminate Janes self-contempt and complete her desired image as an independent woman in society. At the end of the story, she choses to give up her independence and reunite with Mr. Rochester. Indeed, Bildungsromane typically conclude with the protagonist making some choice, thereby confirming that the protagonist has achieved a coherent selfThe story of Jane Eyre starts from her helpless childhood until the last step of her due date when she finally finds self-knowledge (she in the original source is he for it was referring to hero) (Kern 6). After all Jane has experienced, from an adopted orphan to a gent lemens mistress, she finally comes to a successful and independent state which she can make her own decision and will not be restricted by anything. The various challenges during Janes growing process that educate and change her emotions and identities align with the basic definition of a Bildungsroman genre. Although the story of Jane Eyre falls into a fairy tale ending, the novel Jane Eyre functions as a Bildungsroman.

Vikings, Civilized?

In the year AD 789, the Viking Era began. They came across the sea from the region in a flash c eithered Scandinavia. Hundreds of years later, there were many Vikings living in completely corners of Europe because their homelands couldnt support their development population. The Vikings for a long time had a bad reputation. People feargond the Vikings, describing them as vicious vandals and barbaric tearers. That is what the Vikings are mostly remembered for today. Aside from all the raiding and looting of towns the Vikings did, in their homelands, they had a certain level of refinement in their farming.The name Viking translates to pirate in Norse a language spoken by the Vikings. The Vikings were truly fierce and brutal fighters. 4 years after the Vikings settled in England/Europe, they violently raided the monks of Lindisfarne. The war party struck quickly and unexpectedly. The monks at first thought they would be safe, living in a monastery and tabu place, but they were w rong. The people of Lindisfarne were defense slight, making it easier for the Vikings to steal treasures, burn down buildings and murder monks.The Vikings were violent and heartless towards others. They would distorted shape their victims and did not hesitate to kill anyone including innocent babies. After raiding the monastery, the Vikings longships would sail home loaded with goods and captives. The Vikings would raid and loot through towns as they travelled. Their swords and axes caused terror and fear wherever they went. They had many cruel and disturbing slipway to kill people. One of the most popular ways they used is called a butterfly cut, which ended up with the victims lungs hanging out.They would also drown people in the sea until they died. Some Vikings called The berserkers were worked up with drugs before and in battles which made them wild and somehow, pain free. Despite the Vikings status as raiders, not all Vikings voyages were violent. Although they might loot an d destroy one town, they would go to another in peace and trade goods. duration some of the popular belief of Vikings being nothing but ruthless fights are correct, contrary to belief, the Vikings culture and way of life is less barbaric than most may think.In addition, Vikings were very complete craftspeople. They were expert sailors and shipbuilders. Their longship sailed all the way to the Mediterranean Sea. The Vikings built many types of boats like small rowing boats, trading and transport ships and of shape the mighty longship used for raids. The Vikings were excellent navigators, and with their longship, could travel far distances. Furthermore, the Vikings had a very structured and stable fraternity. They had disturb rights, their own religion and language which are all signs of a civilised culture.The Vikings honored the dead and secernate from a number of primary sources reveal that the Vikings would bury the dead in mass graves, in deeply pits, in wagons and boats. Cremation was another common burial practice for Pagan Vikings. The Vikings society was divided into 3 groups. The Jarls who were the privileged, rich and powerful ones, the Karls who were the middle class made up the majority of the Viking society. They were the craftspeople, farmers and merchants. On the bottom of the Viking society were the Thralls.Most of them were slaves and did the heavy work. The Vikings would have festivals with music, storytelling and games In conclusion, saying the Vikings were nothing but ruthless, bloodthirsty savage beasts would be unfair. Yes, they did oncoming and kill many innocent people but that does not mean their society was uncivilised. The Vikings were the master of the seas and were skilled at many things. They had a structured society and had their own beliefs. In saying that, the Vikings were far less barbaric than most think.

Film Assignment Essay

For this assignment, I chose the 1996 movie A Time to Kill is applying Carl Rogers Model of Argument. The photograph is based on the new(a) of the same title by John Grisham that tells the fib of finding justice amidst the racial bigotry of the South. It is the story about a black man, Carl Lee Hailey, who killed the men who raped and mauled his 10-year old daughter Tonya and is looking at a death sentence should he be found blamable of murder in flirt in a town where racial prejudice continues to abound.It is through the efforts of his defense lawyer, Jake Brigance that Carl Lee was acquitted and released (McConnnaghuey and capital of Mississippi 1996). At first glance, a debate is very likely to ensue. Some would say Carl Lee is guilty because he broke the law by murdering the suspects. The latter had been arrested and should have been given their day in approach and let the law take its course. They believe that revenge was Carl Lees motive for taking matters in his own han ds and that the death penalty is appropriate because of what he did, consistent to the adage, the punishment must primed(p) the crime. Legally, Carl Lee is indeed guilty and the jury appears to be leaning towards that decision. However, looking at it from the other side, on that point are others, as personified by Jake, who believe Carl Lee did the right thing though it was very drastic. plot of land it may be true that Carl Lee was legally guilty, this does non immediately mean he is chastely wrong. In the latter part of the film, Jake won the case because he was able to find common ground, not only with the jury, but also to the audience.He took their attention away from Carl Lee and his act and instead concentrate it somewhere else on the actual victim Tonya. Jake did this by taking everyone on a journey deep down Carl Lees mind, putting themselves in his place, retracing his road to perdition on the day his daughter came to him knock about and bleeding to the time he ki lled the suspects. He closed the journey by telling the jury to presently imagine she were white. This is the common ground Jake successfully establi drop down. The secret behind it was Jake is able to make the jury shed off any racial bias they may have by getting them to empathize with Carl Lee. The answer was instead of looking at a black man seeking redress for the attack on his daughter, but just a father who is merely looking out for his daughter. It can be inferred that everyone on the jury would have done the same thing if the victim had been their own child.They also know how aslant the justice system is in town and that black people never get a fairly trial but in this case, Jake succeeded in making them see it from a different perspective. It is certain that everyone knows justice is not always found in the courtroom, especially in this town and there are clock when doing the right thing means breaking the law because the law is not perfect as it is administered by a racially prejudiced society. What was substituted here is a deeper sense of justice that is common to all, rooted in religious beliefs.In other words, people like Carl Lee are guided by their in the flesh(predicate) morals that are very fundamental where it becomes easy to discern right from wrong. All in all, the film shows a demonstration on how the Rogerian Model is applied as common ground was established with the audience by the performers in the film through the use of empathy to establish this common ground. Bibliography A Time to Kill. say by Joel Schumacher. Performed by Matthew McConnnaghuey and Samuel L. Jackson. 1996.

European History 1914-to present Essay

The period that immediately followed the First World War was marked by the autocratic regimes in Austria, Germ tout ensemble and Russia being replaced by republics as they were overthrown. There seemed to be a promise of an era of democracy as the seven distinguishs that had all been newly created adopted the republican mannikin of government giving the impression that democracy had finally been found after the First World War.However, this did not last as after and two decades, a form of dictatorship took over well-nigh of the democratic atomic number 63an countries. While whatever countries became communists, others took to fascism which resulted to totalitarian form of government (Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya, 2005). In authoritarianism individuals had absolutely no freedom in their heart as all political, intellectual, social, cultural, economic and even religious and spiritual activities were subordinated to the authority of the rulers and the government.This form of rul e was characterized by the rulers of the government as a central power workling all the aspects of the citizens lives through force and repression much(prenominal) that those who held views that were different from the ideologies of the rulers and had different practices in the menti one and precisely(a)d aspects of their lives were considered to be against the order hence enemies. authoritarianism was manifested through mass-media that was state controlled, one party state in which the party controlled everything that went on in the state, mass surveillance accompanied with state terrorism and restricted free discussion or criticism especially of the governmental ideologies. In atomic number 63an countries such as such as Russia under Stalin and Germany under Hitler, totalitarianism and the practices of the government received overpowering support from the citizens (Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya, 2005).The support was however not spontaneous, it required the rulers to be charismat ic so that he would be able to draw support. The rapid development in infrastructure especially communication and transportation play a great role in the rise and spread of the totalitarianism and growth of its popularity amongst the citizens in the countries in which it was practised. This paper seeks to discuss totalitarianism and the reasons for its rise in Europe in the early 20th century.Totalitarianism is characterized by the state pursuing some address that is special such as conquest of a certain region, exclusion of all others who hold different ideologies from those ones of the state or industrialization. All resources of the state ordinarily ar directed and focussed on achievement of these goals regardless of their cost. Anything that furthers the attainment of the goal is fully support while the things that curseen to foil this achievement are rejected.It is a form of obsession that triggers an ideology that explains and describes things in terms of the intended goal , justifying all obstacles that could arise and all the forces that may struggle against the state in achieving the craved goal (Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya, 2005). This results to the state getting popular support from the citizens which gives it the power to practice any form of governmental actions. Anyone opposing the goals or ideologies of the state is considered evil and political differences within the state not allowed.Achievement of the goal is never acknowledged even in the event the state actually gets to achieve it. This is because totalitarianism is only when founded on the ideology of achieving the goal such that in the event the goal is achieved then it should cease to exist. The followers of specific goals by different leaders for the states they ruled is considered to be the main reason for the rise of totalitarianism in Europe. As mentioned earlier, fascism was one of the main reasons for totalitarianism. This ideology was common in Germany and Italy.It originated with Mussolini Benito in his rule over the country. This ideology in which the proponents advocated for the creation of a single party state was a reaction against equality, license and fraternity that were being proposed by democratic nations such as France and Britain after they won the war. Fascists argued that nations and induces usually are in a conflict in which only the strongest and the healthiest give way. Apart from being healthy the strongest in like manner survive by asserting themselves against the weak through repression and in combat (Griffiths 2005).These governments prohibited and suppressed opposition and any form of criticism to the government. In Germany, races that were not German such as the Jews, Slavs and individuals who were either sick or disabled were targeted for execution as Hitlers government sought to have a nation of thoroughgoing(a) healthy Germans. Fascism claimed that a nation was the race and hence sought to execute everyone who was not of th e race of the rulers (Griffiths 2005). Fascism is likewise characterized by respect and love for collective organization in which individuals work together to achieve a certain goals and ideology.This formed totalitarianism in Italy and Germany. In which the citizens were organized against other individuals of other races that were considered a menace to achieving a nation that was formed of one superior race. national socialism was movement mostly in Germany which was is alike referred to as National Socialism. This movement sought to spread the ideologies of Adolf Hitlers government in Germany and the world as a whole. Nazism is argued to be a form of fascism as its characteristics are the same as those ones of fascism as it featured racism, expansion and obedience/loyalty to one leader.Hitler expected everyone to be loyal to him and executed anyone who defiled his orders. Nazism also had theories about other races which portrayed them as inferior to German Aryans and a threat to its existence hence the necessity to get rid of them. This led to the massive execution of the Jews and the disabled Germans as they were considered unfit for survival according to fascism. This ideology is therefore one of the reasons for the rise of totalitarianism in Germany and most of its neighbouring nations (Klaus Vondung 2005). Bolshevism-Stalinism was the reason for the rise of totalitarianism in Russia.Bolshevism was a movement formed by professionals who believed in military control over the country and democratic centralism such the party (Marxist Russian Social egalitarian Labour society) took form of internal hierarchy in which individuals from other groups were not allowed to lead the party. Only these members do decisions and any party that was formed to challenge Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party it was purged (Worley, Morgan & Laporte 2002). This movement greatly supported single party state and is believed to have caused the rise of Stalinism.St alinism refers to the form of government used by Joseph Stalin and those who were allied to his ideologies (Worley, Morgan & Laporte 2002). This ideology is sometimes referred to as red fascism as it is a form of fascism. Stalinism refers to a form of governance that is characterized by oppression of the citizens and extensive spying by the government so that individuals can not criticize or form movements to overthrow it. This system was also characterized by purging in which those who were opposed to the government ideologies were sent to prison camps or sometimes killed.The state used propaganda and established some form of cult around a leader who was a dictator so that he would have absolute control over the communist party and maintain control over all the citizens of Russia. Apart from the mentioned countries, Austria also participated in the rise of totalitarianism by supporting Nazism and Fascism. Its Prime Minister Kurt Waldheim is said to have assisted Germany in transpor ting Jews to dearth camps. Several other eastern and Central European countries also got ghost with the fascist movement (Klaus Vondung 2005).This included Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Slovakia, Lithuania and Croatia. The fascist movements in these countries were all characterized racism specifically against the Jews whom they associated with communism which they greatly despised. Spain is the only country which though fascist never got obsessed with race and believing in the ant-Jewish conspiracies that characteristic of Germans Nazism. The rise of totalitarianism in Europe during the early 20th century was mainly due to fascism.Both Nazism and Bolshevism-Stalinism which were the main movements in Europe at this time and are all forms of fascism which emphasizes on the power of the state over the citizens. A real characteristic of these movements is racism in which each state believed in being occupied by only those who were of its race hence eliminating those who belonge d to different races or had different practices than were contrary to the ideologies of the ruling government. The most affected race in Europe was the Jewish. The rise of totalitarianism in Europe can therefore be totally attributed to fascism.ReferencesGardner, H. , Kleiner, S. & Mamiya, C. , (2005). Gardners Art Through The Ages The Western Perspective. Sidney Cengage Learning. Griffiths, R. (2005). Fascism second ed. bare-assed York, NY Continuum International Publishing Group. Klaus Vondung, K. (2005). The Apocalypse in Germany, Columbia and London Univ. of Missouri Press. Redles, D. (2005). Hitlers Millennial Reich Apocalyptic Belief and the Search for Salvation. New York, NY New York Univ. Press. Worley, M. , Morgan, K. & Laporte, N. , (2002). Bolshevism, Stalinism And The Comintern Perspectives On Stalinization. New York, NY Palgrave Macmillan.

Our socially constructed reality

Think Piece sociological Significance and Individual Behavior What is the relationship between definition of the situation and heartyly holded cosmos? Our social construct provides us with basic assumptions of everyday life. These social influences give up an affect on our perception of reality and situations. duration with a group of people you mainly hang out with the definition of a situation of a situation will be quasi(prenominal), because you all are from the same social group and have similar social backgrounds.But if you are non with a group that you are not familiar tit it may not be so easy for you all to see the situation the same because your social reality are various. Example In an urban neighborhood where Tim, and his group of friends hangout during the day and night, they often watch gunshots. So one night Times cousin Johnny came to visit from his mansion in Texas. While they were outside hanging out gunshots were heard. After hearing the gunshots Tim and his friends continued as if they heard nothing.Sonnys reaction was very different than Tim and his friends in fact he felt very uncomfortable. Because Tim and his group of friends are accustomed to that social organize their interpretation of the situation was different than Johnny, because in his social reality that doesnt and should not happen. This example explains how a persons social reality can change how they interpret the definition of a situation. Why are these important in explaining the social influences on human behavior?These are important in explaining human behavior because our chosen behavior is determined by our social influences and social surroundings (socially constructed reality) which determine how we react and interpret situations (definition of a situation). Why is it that social influence is very often more useful for predicting or explaining the behavior of an respective(prenominal) person than would be there psychological frame of capitulum? Though we take part in the social construct of reality, its still not entirely a product of our own doing.Our social influences demonstrate us who we are and affect how we act and handle situations. Even though we have our own purview we still live our lives through what is socially acceptable. So observing a psychological frame of mind may not be as accurate because we say one thing, provided in a social setting we handle it differently. Example Elevator Video The people on the elevator knew that it was not their norm to turn backwards in the elevator.But they still wanted to conform to what seemed socially normal at the time, so they turned around Just like everyone else in the video. So even though we have our own thoughts and feelings about situations , our social influence and social setting still determine how we behave. If anyone could have asked the item-by-item variables on the elevator if they would turn backwards on an elevator if everyone else was doing it they would have m ore than likely answered no, but because o the social pressure to conform they behaved totally opposite.

Critical Evaluation of Institutional Factors Impact on Outward/Inward

Essay unfavourable Evaluation of Institutional Factors Impact on Outward/Inward extraneous Direct Investment This steer of this essay is to evaluate the pertain of institutional factors on outward-bound and inward FDI. This will be through by determination of the major FDI ( irrelevant Direct Investment) factors, evaluation of the theatrical role of institutional factors and investigation of institutional factors preserve on inward and outward FDI flows.Several sources (Aswathappa, 2012 Jensen, 2012) turn in identified FDI as an investment, made by a union based in one country ( plaza country) into another company, which is based in other country (host country), in order to obtain certain degree of management control over that company. Recent evidence (Ho and Rashid, 2011) has demo that a functionency for a firm to engage in external investment depends on a combination of different factors and elements.Dunning (2011) has argued that company has to satisfy three conditions i n order to successfully engage in international activity, which be ownership (know-how, technologies), localisation ( raw(a) resources, low production costs) and internationalisation. This theory is rather unique because it is demonstrable by several authorised FDI determinants such as natural resources, production efficiency, strategic assets and securities industry sizing. Nachum (1999) has argued that in accordance with Hymers firms ad hoc advantages theory, companies atomic number 18 engaging in FDI if they possess specific advantages e. . access to raw materials, economy of scale, marketing advantages, and so on Aswathappa (2010) has suggested another FDI determinant which is follow the client/ tally. If one of the clients builds a contrasted facility, it is reasonably for the company to follow the client and also build a irrelevant facility in order to continue cooperating with the client. If one company goes to the foreign market it draws the management of other s imilar companies, that can potentially exploit similar opportunity and therefore follow the rival.The uniform source has also tell that market size is another crucial FDI determinant, which play important role for foreign investors. Nevertheless, Seyoum (2011) has argued that FDI inflows cannot be besides determined by such variables as qualitative and s shovel ined labour, handiness of natural resources, technologies or modern infrastructure. It is essential to senior highlight the importance of role of institutional factors in attracting foreign investors. It was suggested by Solomon (2007) that foreign investors atomic number 18 seeking for countries with stable policy-making and social institutions.As it was pass judgment out by Benassy-Quere, et al. (2007) the main institutional factors are efficient trade protection of civil and property rights, economic and politic freedom and stability and corruption. Moreover, Globerman and Shapiro (2003) stand stated that good institutions (well developed financial system, private property protection, government services, etc. ) relieve oneself positive impact on both inward and outward FDI. Nevertheless, in some cases feature of institutions depends on FDI for instance, Chinese MNEs value natural resources much than efficacious legal system or political stability (Kolstag and Wiig, 2012).According to Jensen (2012) host countrys political regime is one of the most important determinants of FDI. It is considered that overbearing regime is rather to a greater extent stable than democratic. The same source has assumed that democracy whitethorn be influenced by the interests of the particular groups, which can increase tax rates, trade barriers or implement protectionism policies in order to protect internal help companies from foreign MNEs. A study carried out by (Knutsen, et al. , 2011) has stated that authoritarian regimes can reduce labour costs supressing human or different organisation rights e . g. hild labour and trade unions and therefore decrease costs for foreign investors. Nonetheless, there is counterargument provided by the same sources (Jensen, 2012 Knutsen, et al. 2011) which suggests that democracy has rather more positive effects on FDI that authoritarian regime. It was argued that reduced child labour can increase commandment level and trade unions can bring more social stability. In some cases MNEs are able to influence democratic countrys government in their favour. Moreover, investments in non-democratic countries may violate reputation of the foreign investors and decrease demand for their products at berth market.Recent evidence (Hatchondo and Martinez, 2011) has argued that foreign investors enjoy sound legal protection system. Another source (OECD, 2008) has suggested that higher protection standards results in the greater positive impact on FDI. It was also argued that governments with free market economy have more efficient legal protection system than countries where economy is severely influenced by government e. g. China. Free market economy is based on ownership, therefore MNEs from such countries value property rights and they tend to select host countries with the same regulations and laws (Hsu, Zhang and Long, 2007).Level of corruption, is quite contradicting aspect of inward FDI. It is mostly assumed to have negative impact on FDI. Firstly, it brings additive costs, if foreign investors have to bribe someone. Secondly, corruption involves more uncertainty and risk because it is done in illegal way. what is more bribed contracts cannot be enforced in court. This issue is also able to impact on outward FDI, because investors tend to exclude possible risks and uncertainty (Wei, 2000 Knutsen, et al. , 2011). However, Egger and Winner (2005) have suggested that corruption may be expert for the FDI.The authors have expound an intellect of grabbing hand and helping hand. It was said that, indeed, corruption bring addit ional costs and uncertainty for foreign investors and acts as the host countrys grabbing hand but it is only in the short run. It was stated that in long run corruption might be lovely for foreign investors. Corruption allows speeding up bureaucratic procedures or can help to avoid regulatory and administrative restrictions and therefore it will act as the helping hand. Ultimately, if the revenue effects are bigger that costs effects corruption is likely to be positive for FDI.In accordance with several studies (Wells, 2001 Azemar and Delios, 2008) it was figured out that taxes have relatively small impact on IFDI (Inward Foreign Direct Investment). The authors have stated that in some cases foreign investors are much likely to focus on large market size with rather high tax rates than on country with small market size and much lower tax rates. Nevertheless, it was suggested that countries with excessive tax rates are much likely to kill IFDI however the countries with reasonable t ax rates may exert little or almost no influence on IFDI.Furthermore, it was also mentioned that tax havens demonstrate that countries (or regions) with extremely low tax rates are important determinant of the IFDI e. g. Delaware in the USA. Peng and Parente (2012) have stated that bureaucratic regulations and heavy taxation on domestic earnings in Brazil have pushed two thirds of the OFDI stock to tax havens. Another interesting idea was proposed by Wells (2001) it was argued that if host countries policymakers have better understanding of how tax policies can affect the foreign investors, they would be more successful in terms of attracting FDIs.For, example tax holiday policy could race IFDI flows. A number of authors (Kolstag and Wiig, 2012 Kalotay and Sulstarova, 2010) have figured out that OFDI (Outward Foreign Direct Investment) may be heavily influenced by government or political changes. One of the best examples is Chinese Open Door and Go Global policies, it was argued th at those changes has increased total Chinese OFDI from 3. 3% in 1996 to 10% in 2006 (Kolstag and Wiig, 2012). However, it was also described that most of the Chinese companies are state owned and their activities reflect political objectives e. . focus on natural resources. semipolitical changes and stability is significant push factor. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many Russian privately-owned companies were actively engaging in OFDI. The reason of that issue is that they tried to avoid uncertainty and find safe milieu with stable political environment (Kalotay and Sulstarova, 2010). As it was figured out by several authors (Levent, 2006 Garcia and Navia, 2003) financial institutions are important Push factor of OFDI. Financial conditions of the home country affect the decision to invest abroad.If home country has poor financial system e. g. no access to financial support, unstable deposit base, high interest rates, etc. than the MNEs are much likely to seek countries w ith well-developed financial institutions. Another determination was proposed by (Kolstag and Wiig, 2012) arguing that in some countries e. g. China, financial institutions are more cooperative with foreign investors that with the domestic companies, therefore companies are pushed to go overseas in order to obtain access to financial institutions.Witt and Lewin (2007) have stated that misalignments amid the firms needs and home country institutional conditions are pushing firms to go abroad. The authors have demonstrated that countries with relatively high societal coordination are slowly adapting changes in the extra-institutional environment and results as the misalignments between firms and home institutions. For example, in year 2003 Germany had high social contributions and taxes as well as others rigidities which have impact on both OFDI and IFDI flows.It was argued that every seventh German entrepreneur was planning to partly move abroad, every ninth was planning to move a ll production abroad and every thirteenth was thinking of relocating HQ (Head Quarter) abroad. Therefore, firms tend to seek the most appropriate for them institutional environment and if there is no such in home country, they are much likely to go abroad. Summarising all of the issues, it was figured out that most of the institutional factors have quite significant impact on IFDI and OFDI. The research has demonstrated that such nstitutional factors as political stability, governmental regime, corruption, legal system, financial institutions, etc. have serious impact on FDI. Nevertheless, there are some situations when other non-institutional factors may be more important, for instance China is focused more on the natural resources more than on the good institutions or market size might be more important for foreign investors than taxation issues. It was also found out that some institutional determinants may have impact on both outward and inward FDI flows.For example, political s tability or corruption, these two factors may be applicable for both types of FDI flows. However, some of those institutional factors are better applicable for IFDI rather than OFDI or vice versa. References Aswathappa, K. (2010). Intrernational Business, 4th Edition, pp. 100-112. New Dehli McGraw Hill. Azemar, C. and Delious, A. (2008). Tax competition and FDI The special case of developing countries. diary of the Japanese and International Economies. 22 (1), pp. 85-108. Dunning, J (2011). New Challenges for International Business Research Back TotThe Future, pp. 90-200. UK Edward Elgar. Egger, P. and Winner, H. (2005). proof on corruption as an incentive for foreign direct investment. European Journal of Political Economy. 21 (4), pp. 932-952. Garcia, A. and Navia, D. , (2003). DETERMINANTS AND IMPACT OF FINANCIAL SECTOR FDI TO EMERGING ECONOMIES A HOME COUNTRYS PERSPECTIVE, pp. 21-23. Spain Banco de Espana. Globerman, S. and D. Shapiro (2002). Global Foreign Direct Investment Flows The Role of Governance Infrastructure, World Development, 30, 11, 1899919. Hatchondo, J. C. and Martinez, L. (2011). profound Protection to Foreign Investors. Legal Protection to Foreign Investors. 97 (2), pp. 175-187. Hsu, C. , Zhang, W. and Lok, L. , (2007). The Business and Investment Environment in Taiwan and Mainland China, pp. 200-205. capital of Singapore World Scientific. Jensen, N. , (2012). Politics and Foreign Direct Investment, pp. 8-14. USA University of Michigan Press. Kalotay, K. and Sulstarova, A. (2010). Modelling Russian outward FDI. Journal of International Management. 16 (2), pp. 131-142. Kolstad, I. and Wiig, A. (2012). What determines Chinese outward FDI?.Journal of World Business. 47 (1), pp. 26-34. Knutsen, C. H. , Rygh, A. and Hveem, H. (2011). Does State Ownership affair? Institutions Effect on Foreign Direct Investment Revisited. Business and Politics. 13 (1), pp. 1-31. Levent, I. (2006). Global Development finance 2006 The Development Potential of Surging Capital Flows, pp. 107-110. Washington WB Publications. Nachum, L. (1999). Home country and firm-specific ownership advantages A study of US, UK and French advertising agencies. International Business refresh. 8 (5), pp. 633-660. OECD, (2008). Private Sector Development in the Middle East and North Africa Making Reforms Succeed, pp. 124-126. France OECD Publishing. Paul, J. (2008). International Business, 4th Edition, pp. 235-240. New Dehli PHI. Peng, M. and Parente, R. (2012). Institution-Based Weaknesses bed Emerging Multinationals. RAE. 52 (3), pp. 360-364. Quere, A. , Coupet, M. and Mayer, T. (2007). Institutional Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment. The World Economy. 30 (5), pp. 764-782. Seyoum, B. (2011). Informal Institutions and Foreign Direct Investment. Journal of Economic Issues. 45 (4), pp. 917-940. Solomon, B (2007).Three Essays on the Impacts of Risk and Uncertainty on Foreign Direct Investment and Remittances Flows into Developing Countries, pp. 53-5 5. USA ProQuest. Wei, S. -J. , (2000). How Taxing is Corruption on Internal Investors? , Review of Economics and Statistics, 82, 1, 111. Wells, L. (2001). Using Tax Incentives to Compete for Foreign Investment Are They Worth the be? pp. 97-100. USA WB Publications. Witt, M. and Lewin, A. , (2007). Outward foreign direct investment as escape response to home country institutional constraints. Journal of International Business Studies. 38 (4), 579-594.